《西游記》

　　01

　　《西游記》是吳承恩寫的一部神話小說(shuō)(mythological novel)，講述的是唐僧在三個(gè)徒弟孫悟空、豬八戒和沙僧的保護(hù)下去西天取經(jīng)(to find the Buddhist scripture )的故事。

　　一路上，唐僧經(jīng)常被妖怪(demon )捉走，性命垂危，因?yàn)樗鼈兿嘈懦粤怂�的肉就可以長(zhǎng)生不老，因而他的三個(gè)徒弟總要一次又一次地解救他。

　　在歷經(jīng)了九九81難之后，他們終于取得了真經(jīng)，修煉成佛。1986年，這部小說(shuō)被改編為電視劇，受到了廣大觀眾的喜愛(ài)。

　　參考譯文：

　　Journey to the Westis a mythological novel written by Wu Cheng'en which tells a story about Tangseng—the Master, who went to the West to find the Buddhist scripture under the protection of his three disciples- Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy.

　　During the journey, Tangseng is often captured and has his life threatened, because the demons who capture him believe that if they eat Tangseng they can attain immortality. As a result, his three disciples always have to save him time and again.

　　After experiencing 81 difficulties, the four obtain the true scripture and become Buddha. In 1986，the novel was adapted into a TV series, which was very popular among the massive audience.

　　難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

　　1.徒弟孫悟空、豬八戒和沙僧:有固定的譯法，分別為Monkey King，Pigsy和Sandy。這里的“徒弟”翻譯為disciples (門徒，弟子)最為恰當(dāng)。

　　2.在...的保護(hù)下:應(yīng)譯為 under the protection of...

　　3.性命垂危:不可翻譯為somebody's life is very dangerous,而應(yīng)譯為have one's life threatened,即“生命受到威脅”。

　　4.長(zhǎng)生不老:有多種譯法，既可譯為live forever,也可譯為be immortal或 attain immortality。

　　5.九九81難:可譯為81 difficulties。文中的九九表達(dá)的意思和81是一樣的， 所以譯文中可以不體現(xiàn)。

　　6.修煉成佛:直接譯為become Buddha即可。除表示“佛像”之外，Buddha 在表示“佛”的時(shí)候單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。

　　《西游記》

　　02

　　《西游記》(Journey to the West)是中國(guó)四大名著之一。16世紀(jì)90年代，明朝時(shí)期，《西游記》匿名出版，雖然沒(méi)有現(xiàn)存證據(jù)直接證明該書(shū)作者，但20世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為作者是學(xué)者吳承恩。

　　這部小說(shuō)是關(guān)于唐朝佛教和尚玄奘，為取得佛教經(jīng)書(shū)(Buddhist scriptures)，前往印度的朝圣之旅。

　　觀音菩薩(the Bodhisattva Guanyin)受佛祖指令，將西行取經(jīng)的任務(wù)交給玄奘和三個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)玄奘的徒弟—孫悟空、豬八戒、沙悟凈，還有一個(gè)龍?zhí)�子變做玄奘的坐騎。

　　這四人同意幫助玄奘西行，也是為他們犯下的罪行進(jìn)行懺悔。

　　參考譯文：

　　Journey to the Westis one of the Four Great Classical Novels in China. Published first anonymously in the 1590s during the Ming Dynasty，and even though there is no direct evidence of its authorship, it has been said that the author is Wu Cheng'en since the 20th century.

　　The novel is about the legends of the Buddhist monk Xuanzang’s pilgrimage to India during the Tang dynasty in order to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

　　Instructed by the Buddha, the Bodhisattva Guanyin assigns this task to the monk and his three protectors in the form of disciples, namely Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy, together with a dragon prince who acts as Xuanzang's horse.

　　These four characters have agreed to help Xuanzang go to the West as confession for their past sins.

　　難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

　　1.《西游記》:可譯為Journey to the West或Pilgrimage to the West,可以理解為“向西的旅行”或“向西的朝圣之旅”。

　　2.四大名著:可譯為the Four Great Classical Novels。

　　3.前往印度的朝圣之旅:可譯為pilgrimage to India。其中pilgrimage意為“朝圣之旅”。

　　4.負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)玄奘的徒弟:可譯為his three protectors in the form of disciples。

　　《紅樓夢(mèng)》

　　03

　　《紅樓夢(mèng)》(A Dream of Red Mansions)是曹雪芹在18世紀(jì)中期的作品。它不僅是一部中國(guó)小說(shuō)的巨作，同時(shí)也是世界文學(xué)的瑰寶。

　　曹雪芹出生于一個(gè)由極富沒(méi)落到極貧的貴族權(quán)勢(shì)家族。

　　基于他對(duì)生活的理解、進(jìn)步的思想、認(rèn)真的寫作態(tài)度和高超的寫作技能，他才能創(chuàng)作出《紅樓夢(mèng)》。

　　這本書(shū)描述了一個(gè)封建大家庭的生活及其沒(méi)落，小說(shuō)中所寫的家庭既是現(xiàn)實(shí)的反映，又是曹雪芹自己家庭的小說(shuō)化或者“夢(mèng)”般的寫照。

　　參考譯文：

　　A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in the middle of the 18th century. It is not only a great Chinese novel but also a gem of world literature.

　　Cao Xueqin was born into a noble family which declined from extreme prosperity to poverty.

　　Based on his own understanding of life, progressive ideas, serious writing attitude and excellent writing skills, he was able to createA Dream of Red Mansions.

　　The book describes the life and declining fortunes of a large feudal family, which is both a realistic reflection and a fictional or "dream” version of Cao's family.

　　難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

　　1.它不僅是一部中國(guó)小說(shuō)的巨作，同時(shí)也是世界文學(xué)的瑰寶：“不僅...也…”可譯為not only...but also"。

　　2.曹雪芹出生于一個(gè)由極富沒(méi)落到極貧的貴族權(quán)勢(shì)家族：“出生于”可譯為固定短語(yǔ)be born into。

　　3.這本書(shū)描述了一個(gè)封建大家庭的生活及其沒(méi)落：“一個(gè)封建大家庭”可譯為a large feudal family, “沒(méi)落”可譯為declining fortunes。

　　《紅樓夢(mèng)》

　　04

　　《紅樓夢(mèng)》寫成于18世紀(jì),是中國(guó)古典小說(shuō)的巔峰。

　　這部文學(xué)作品小說(shuō)以賈、史、王、薛四大家族的興衰為背景,以貴族青年賈寶玉與林黛玉愛(ài)情婚姻悲劇為主線,生動(dòng)再現(xiàn)了中國(guó)封建社會(huì)晚期的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、人文地理、社會(huì)政治。

　　小說(shuō)塑造了大量的人物形象，全面描繪了封建社會(huì)各個(gè)階層的生活狀態(tài)。

　　《紅樓夢(mèng)》 被公認(rèn)為中國(guó)古典四大名著之首，也被稱為中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的百科全書(shū)。

　　《紅樓夢(mèng)》具有很高的歷史研究的價(jià)值,自問(wèn)世以來(lái)就以其無(wú)窮的魅力吸引著一代又一代學(xué)者的關(guān)注和研究。

　　參考譯文：

　　A Dream of Red Mansions, written in the 18th century, is the peak of Chinese classical novels.

　　Based on the rise and fall of the four major families / clans of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue, and taking the love and marriage tragedy between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, the novel vividly reproduces the customs, human geography and social politics of the late period of Chinese feudal society.

　　The novel portrays a large number of characters and depicts the living conditions of people from all walks of life in the feudal society in an all-around way.

　　It is universally believed to top the four classical Chinese Masterpieces, and also known as the Encyclopedia of Chinese feudal society.

　　A Dream of Red Mansions has/enjoys/ be of great value of historical research. Since its publication/appearance, it has attracted the attention/concern and research of

　　generations of scholars with its infinite charm.

　　難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

　　1.巔峰: peak / climax / pinnacle / prime / top / highlight

　　2. 文學(xué)作品：literary works;book;novel

　　3. 興衰：rise and decline / fall;

　　4. 主線：principal / main line / plot

　　5. 封建社會(huì)：feudal society

　　6. 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣：social customs

　　7. 人文地理：human geography

　　8. 社會(huì)政治：social politics

　　9. 塑造：model; build; portray; shape; create

　　10. 全面：overall; comprehensive; all-round

　　11. 描繪：describe; display; depict

　　12. 各個(gè)階層: people from all walks of life

　　13. 公認(rèn)：universally acknowledged; accepted

　　14. 被稱為：be known as; be called; be recognized as; be referred to as

　　《水滸傳》

　　05

　　《水滸傳》是中國(guó)古典四大名著之一，問(wèn)世后，在社會(huì)上產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響，成了后世中國(guó)小說(shuō)創(chuàng)作的典范。

　　全書(shū)通過(guò)描寫梁山好漢反抗欺壓、水泊梁山壯大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后為宋朝征戰(zhàn)，最終消亡的宏大故事，滿腔熱情地歌頌了起義英雄的反抗斗爭(zhēng)和他們的社會(huì)理想。

　　《水滸傳》是中國(guó)歷史上最早用白話文寫成的章回小說(shuō)之一，同時(shí)也是漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué)中具備史詩(shī)特征的作品之一，對(duì)中國(guó)乃至東亞的敘事文學(xué)都有極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

　　參考譯文：

　　Water Margin is one of the four classic Chinese classics. After it was published, it had a huge impact on society and became a model of Chinese novel creation in later generations.

　　The book describes the great story of Liangshan heroes resisting oppression, the growth of marshes of Mount Liang and the enlistment of the Song Dynasty, as well as the grand story of the final demise after fighting for the Song Dynasty. It enthusiastically praises the rebellion heroes' struggle and their social ideals.

　　Water Margin is one of the first chapter stories written in vernacular in Chinese history, and it is also one of the works with epic characteristics in Chinese literature. It has a profound influence on narrative literature in China and even East Asia.

　　難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

　　1. 《水滸傳》：Water Margin

　　2. 水泊梁山：marshes of Mount Liang

　　3. 反抗欺壓：resist oppression

　　4. 社會(huì)理想：social ideal

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