當(dāng)前流行應(yīng)試寫作模板，即套語的使用貫穿文章始終，為考生提供萬能公式型的文章主架，每句表達皆由固定套語框定，考生只要背下套用句型、過渡詞語，在考試中根據(jù)特定考題填充具體內(nèi)容。這種應(yīng)試策略使寫出的文章矯揉造作，生硬刻板，雖可以讓考生及格過關(guān)，但絕對得不到高分。套語的過多使用不妨可以比作大海中的救生圈，有了它，僅僅可以讓不擅游泳者保全性命，卻無法自在暢游，一展泳姿。一般而言，套語較為空洞，如使用過多，文章容易流于空泛，言之無物。寫作宜虛實結(jié)合，形式與內(nèi)容相統(tǒng)一。下例是一篇比較在家學(xué)習(xí)與入校讀書誰優(yōu)誰劣的范文，文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和過渡詞語，不僅增強了表達效果，而且實現(xiàn)了形式與內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一。

　　There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. Second, it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time.

　　But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom, too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly, there can be no substitute for a good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students.

　　Given the choice between these two methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge.

　　關(guān)于在家學(xué)習(xí)，我們可以提出兩個主要論點。第一，由于電子媒體方面取得的進步把整個世界的知識通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電視上的教育課程帶入了家庭，教室不再是惟一獲取知識的場所。第二，人們普遍認(rèn)為，在自己家里這樣熟悉的環(huán)境中，并且能自己安排學(xué)習(xí)時間，一個人能學(xué)得更好。

　　但是，我們不能忽視在教室里學(xué)習(xí)也有好處這一事實。周圍都是能力相近和興趣相投的人可能會對獲取知識形成巨大的刺激，而對很多人來說孤獨一人在家學(xué)習(xí)會有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，沒有什么可以替代一個好老師，他不僅能夠傳道授業(yè)，而且能夠評估并鼓勵學(xué)生。

　　如果在兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法中選擇，我更喜歡在教室里學(xué)習(xí)，因為我是那種很難在家務(wù)瑣事、客人、電話的打擾下集中注意力學(xué)習(xí)的人。我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人只有在教室里才能把全部精力放在獲取知識這件十分重要的工作上。

　　精彩句子

　　精彩句子指文章中句式優(yōu)美、蘊含哲理的句子。精彩句子的背誦有助于寫作時的引用和模仿。如在閱讀美國前總統(tǒng)約翰·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)的就職演說(Inaugural Address)時，可以記住諸如“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ”(不要問國家能為你做什么，而要問你能為國家做什么。)這樣的傳世佳句，當(dāng)你寫關(guān)于愛國(patriotism)主題的作文時，則可以適時引用�，F(xiàn)仍以上面談“愛心”的文章為例，其中值得背誦的句子為數(shù)不少。摘錄如下：

　�、貺ove is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.

　　愛心是情感的力量，不論我們周圍的世界多么黑暗，愛心都能支撐我們。

　�、赑eople all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods — to help their needy fellow citizens.

　　全國人民毫不猶豫地傾囊相助——不管是錢還是物——幫助那些有需要的同胞。

　　③The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.

　　表達愛心的最好方式是幫助比我們更加不幸的人。

　�、躎he darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.

　　悲傷的陰影越黑暗，愛心之燈的光芒就越閃亮。

　　優(yōu)秀段落

　　閱讀時，我們經(jīng)常會碰到一些過目難忘的段落。這些段落或者表達流暢、文筆優(yōu)美，或者邏輯縝密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。根據(jù)表達需要，有不同的功能段落，如現(xiàn)象說明段、觀點陳述段、原因列舉段、利弊解釋段、結(jié)論歸納段、趨勢預(yù)測段、措施建議段等。有些優(yōu)秀段落可以作為寫作的功能段落加以背誦，對于我們拓展思路、規(guī)范行文大有裨益。在背誦過程中，熟練掌握各種功能段落的行文規(guī)則，自己在表達時就能駕輕就熟。下面僅舉觀點陳述段和措施建議段各一例。

　　觀點陳述段(陳述“民族文化應(yīng)該成為世界文化”的觀點)

　　A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to China, they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people. In this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.

　　一個國家的文化可能成為世界文化，這對全人類都有益。由于中國已經(jīng)向外界敞開了國門，許多來自不同國家的人都希望來看一看中國。他們會開始接受并喜歡整個中國文化，中國文化應(yīng)該大大方方地讓感興趣的外國人分享。與此同時，隨著來中國的外國人越來越多，他們也把他們自己的文化帶給了中國人。這樣，世界各國的人們就能夠更好地相互理解、和平相處。

　　措施建議段(建議“人口老齡化”的解決措施)

　　The rapidity of the population's aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. What's more, family care and community services should also be encouraged.

　　人口老齡化的加速使采取應(yīng)對措施變得更為緊迫。毫無疑問，解決問題的關(guān)鍵是建立穩(wěn)固的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。與此同時，應(yīng)該重視整體的社會進步，改變社會保障、福利和服務(wù)的落后局面。除此之外，應(yīng)該鼓勵家庭照料和社區(qū)服務(wù)。

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