Higher rates! Bigger fees! NO.86
Higher rates! Bigger fees!
In recent weeks, you‘ve heard plenty about the sleazy side of the subprime mortgage business. Rising numbers of borrowers are losing their homes after being lured into highcost mortgages they couldn't afford. But theres another piece of the painful subprime story that hasn't hit the headlines yet: costly-sometimes abusive-subprime credit cards. Theyre bleeding millions of borrowers who didn't know what they were getting into.
Subprimes come in two types: Cards that are crazily costly to begin with and cards that look good but hide big traps. You know about traps if you‘ve paid some bills late and are now being charged with interest at 30 percent. In general, heres how the business works:
The bottomfeeding cards-for people with damaged credit-offer you a decent interest rate on credit lines "up to" $3,000. When the card arrives, however, your line might be only $250. And then come the fees! "Program" fees. Account set up fees. Participation fees. Annual fees. Theyre charged to your tiny credit line, leaving you almost nothing to spend.
Two betterknown card issuers with a big subprime business are Capital One and HSBCs Orchard Bank. They charge lower upfront fees than other cards do. But if you fall behind, its tough. Cap Ones penalty rate is currently 28.15 percent. Orchard Bank doesn't disclose its penalty rate online and wouldn't tell me what it is (that didn't engender confidence!). Cap One has a reputation for issuing multiple cards to people who bump up against their credit limits. That gives them two cards, with two low limits, to overspend.
Lenders have figured out many ways of extracting fees. There's "universal default", where a late payment on one card can trigger high penalty rates on every card you own. There's the "endless late fee", where your payments never catch up with the new penalties youre charged. There's "two cycle billing"-too complicated to explain here, but which amounts to charging interest on balances that you've already paid. And "retroactive price hikes," where banks impose higher rates on old balances as well as new ones. "What other business can get away with raising the price of something you already purchased?" says Travis Plunkett of the Consumer Federation of America.
These practices startle consumers who think such high fees and interest rates must be against the law. But the Supreme Court effectively deregulated credit card rates 30 years ago, and 10 years ago it deregulated the size of the fees a bank could charge. Prior to fee deregulation, late fees hovered between $13 and $15, says Robert McKinley of CardWeb.com, which tracks the business. Now they run from $30 to $40. "Its out of control," he says. "Banks know they've pushed this too far."
This year, however, the new Congress started holding hearings. Suddenly Citi dropped universal default and JPMorgan Chase ended two cycle billing. But those are just gestures. Without fee caps or usury laws, were in the bankers hands.
