1.各種從句的用法

　　從句的用法在前文已有詳細講解，這里就不再贅述。下面通過總結歸納來進一步探討歷年四級翻譯對各類從句的考查情況。

　　(1)主語從句

　　真題：__________(很多人沒有意識到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)

　　答案：What many people don’t realize

　　(2)賓語從句

　　真題：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12)

　　答案：is measured by how much they can loan

　　(3)表語從句

　　真題：In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)

　　答案：I am more likely to get tired than before

　　(4)定語從句

　　真題：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他們至今還沒有答案)(2008.12)

　　答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution

　　真題：__________(與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)

　　答案：Compared with the place where I grew up

　　真題：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我們可以合作的領域).(2007.6)

　　答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate

　　(5)狀語從句

　　真題：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)

　　答案：whatever it is(讓步狀語從句)

　　真題：I am going to pursue this course, __________(無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).(2007.12)

　　答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語從句)

　　真題：Some psychologists claim that people __________(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨)(2006.12)

　　答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(時間狀語從句)

　　【真題】__________(大多數(shù)父母所關心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)

　　【解析】本題考查對主語從句的掌握。漢語中“所關心的”實際上是指“所關心的事情”，用英語表達則使用what引導的從句。What在主語從句中作介詞的賓語�！瓣P心”可以用be concerned about表達。

　　【答案】What most parents are concerned about

　　注：從句的用法參見完形填空部分對從句的講解。

　　2.虛擬語氣

　　歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語氣的考點可以歸納如下：

　　(1)(should)+動詞原形的情形;

　　(2)if或but for等引導的條件句;

　　(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。

　　【真題】You would not have failed if__________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)

　　【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders

　　【解析】本題較為容易，按照漢語意思直譯。考點有兩個：首先最重要的考點是if從句的虛擬語氣考查;根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應該采用had+過去分詞的結構;第二是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表達為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達，兩者選其一就可以;注意很多學生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語you，造成不必要的失分。

　　【真題】The victim __________(本來會有機會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)

　　【解析】本句考查對錯綜時間條件句的虛擬語氣的掌握。在與過去事實相反的條件下，if引導的條件句時態(tài)是過去完成時態(tài)，主句謂語一般使用would have done。

　　【答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival

　　注：虛擬語氣用法參見完形填空填空部分對虛擬語氣的講解。

　　3.倒裝結構

　　倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點是部分倒裝，即只有系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結構可以分為四大類：

　　(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結構hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首時所導致的倒裝。

　　Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.

　　以前我很少去劇院，但是現(xiàn)在不同了。

　　(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導的虛擬條件句中，將if省略，把should, had, were提至主語前，形成倒裝。

　　Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.

　　如果我是你，絕對不會答應那么做的。

　　(3)強調倒裝。為突出強調某一成分而將它提至句首時，實行倒裝，如：

　　A.so 倒裝句

　　So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.

　　他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食。

　　B.以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語：only, often, then

　　Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.

　　然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。

　　Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.

　　我們只有通過努力工作才能獲得想要的東西。

　　(4)在“so+形容詞…that分句”結構中，如將“so+形容詞”置于句首以示強調時，其后的系動詞be則要移到主語前面，形成主謂的完全倒裝。

　　So moved was she that she could not say a word.

　　她感動得說不出話來。

　　【真題】Not only__________(他向我收費過高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)

　　【解析】本題考查對倒裝的掌握。解答此題需要考慮兩個層次，首先是動詞“收費”的對應詞，應當譯為“charge”。收費“過高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用詞overcharge就可以表示“收費過高”。其次，not only…but…結構中出現(xiàn)了否定詞前置到句首的現(xiàn)象，這是倒裝的標志。結合后半句的一般過去時形式，我們要把助動詞did提出來，按照倒裝形式譯為did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much。

　　【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much