In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition(學(xué)會) of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing.It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child.This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities,he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.��

　　Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some

　　may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness. ��

　　As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency

　　is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that"example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (說教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

　　A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and

　　their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

　　這是一篇議論文，闡述了作者關(guān)于兒童早期教育的觀點。

　　11. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills ______ .

　　A) should be avoided

　　B) is universal among parents

　　C) sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

　　D) Will make him lose interest in learning new things

　　[答案及分析]：[B]事實判斷題。問哪個備選題與題干組成的句子是一個正確的陳述。A項意為“急切地希望孩子學(xué)會新的技能的心情應(yīng)該避免”。B項意為“渴望孩子學(xué)會新的技能是父母的普遍心理”。C項意為“父母急切地希望孩子學(xué)會新技能會造成孩子的焦慮狀態(tài)，這很危險�！盌項意為“急于讓孩子掌握新技能會使孩子失去學(xué)習(xí)新東西的興趣�！备鶕�(jù)文章第一句可知B項正確。A、C、D三項都似是而非，并非文章原意。

　　12. In the process of children's learning new skills parents ______ .

　　A)should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

　　B) should not expect too much of them

　　C) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on

　　their own

　　D) should create as many learning opportunities as possible

　　[答案及分析]：[C]歸納事實題。問在孩子學(xué)習(xí)技能的時候，父母應(yīng)該如何。根據(jù)第一段可知，A項與文章原意恰好相反，文章本意是說“若讓孩子讀自己讀不懂的東西會給孩子造成失敗感和焦慮感”。B項是說“在孩子學(xué)習(xí)新技能的過程中，父母不應(yīng)該對其期望太多”。文章中實際上并沒有這個意思，其原意是還要違背學(xué)習(xí)的自然規(guī)律讓孩子掌握新技能。這跟B項意思還是有區(qū)別的。D項的意思在文章中找不到。所以，只有C項合適。

　　13. The second paragraph mainly tells us that ______ .

　　A) parents should be strict with their children

　　B) parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the

　　community

　　C) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the

　　children alone

　　D) parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the

　　situation

　　[答案及分析]：[C]主旨題。問第二段主要內(nèi)容是什么。第二段說：父母對其孩子的要求的嚴(yán)格程度差異很大。有些父母在錢上對孩子管束極嚴(yán)，有些則嚴(yán)格要求孩子晚上回家的時間或是要求其按時吃飯�？傊�，他們對孩子的管束不僅是為了孩子自身的幸福，也代替著父母的需要和社會價值觀。據(jù)此不難判斷C項最準(zhǔn)確。

　　14. The word "precept"( Line 3, Para. 3) probably means "______ ".

　　A) idea B) punishment C) behaviour D) instruction

　　[答案及分析]：[D]理解題。問第三段第三行中“precept”一詞是什么意思。根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測到它應(yīng)該跟下句中的“preach(說教)”意思差不多。所以選D。

　　15. In moral matters, parents should _______ .

　　A) observe the rules themselves

　　B) be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

　　C) forbid things which have no foundation in morality

　　D) consistently ensure the security of their children

　　[答案及分析]：[A]事實辨認(rèn)題。問在道德方面，父母應(yīng)該如何。A項意為“自己遵守道德規(guī)則”。B項意為“意識到成人和兒童之間的顯著區(qū)別”。C項意為“對沒有道德基礎(chǔ)的事情加以禁止”。D項意為“始終如一地確保自己孩子的安全”。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，易知A正確。

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