時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和語氣的使用錯(cuò)誤

　　1. 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 主要是指在一個(gè)句子中，出現(xiàn)不同的時(shí)態(tài)，從而造成時(shí)態(tài)不一致，如： He can't remember what he once knows.

　　2. 語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 在 cet6 綜合改錯(cuò)題中最常見的語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤是被動(dòng)語態(tài)被誤用為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞不能帶賓語，因而也就沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.

　　3. 虛擬語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 此類使用錯(cuò)誤在綜合改錯(cuò)題中主要表現(xiàn)為主語和從句的語氣不協(xié)調(diào)，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中動(dòng)詞 suggest 之后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，故“ is ”應(yīng)該 “ be ”或“ should be ”。類似的動(dòng)詞還有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。

　　例 1　　These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________

　　together to hold parties.

　　由于前面的時(shí)態(tài)已經(jīng)限制為過去時(shí)，而且 came 和 meet 是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，兩者時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致，因此應(yīng)該將 meet 改為 met ，或者將 came 改為 come ，具體情況依據(jù)上下文的語境時(shí)態(tài)而定。

　　例 2　　Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding

　　which products to emphasize now, which to develop

　　for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________

　　本句中三個(gè)平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)，因而 to be dropped 應(yīng)改為 to drop .

　　例 3　　In the first place, the scientist at once put some

　　kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________

　　securely obtained.

　　根據(jù)句子意思可知，此處的 liquid 不可能為動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者，顯然此處應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故應(yīng)該將 has 改為 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已經(jīng)安全獲得的液體”。

　　例 4　　Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________

　　the truth.

　　根據(jù)句子意思可知，這句話是說如果他們昨天去了就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)真相，然而他們并未去，此處是虛擬語氣，因此應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣的格式，將 Did 改為 Had .

　　練習(xí)題

　　1 These small households were portraits of

　　independence: the entire family, mother, father,

　　children, even grandparents live in a small house

　　and working together to support each other. 1.__________

　　2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke

　　to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________

　　discovery.

　　3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage,

　　Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________

　　named after him—— he forerunners of modern

　　X-rays.

　　4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University

　　of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she

　　demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________

　　secretary said that science was not a thing in which

　　women can meddle.

　　5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________

　　jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.

　　6 Many people who live in London think that life in

　　a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________

　　7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________

　　the last sixty years would have seemed impossible

　　to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of

　　the 19th century.

　　8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should

　　have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________

　　9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________

　　in full at one time.

　　10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________

　　over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region

　　of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians.

　　答案解析：working→work.此句總體上講述的是這些小家庭獨(dú)立的掠影，而后半句解釋到這些小家庭的成員生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，和live保持一致。 are→were. are→were. allow前加be.“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允許作……”的意思。 offered前加be.“offer”是及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該接雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，即“offer sb. sth.”而在該句中缺少成分而只有賓語補(bǔ)主語，應(yīng)該將其改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即“be offered sth.”

　　6. offered→offers.

　　7. taken前加have.

　　8. plan→planned.

　　9. kept→keep.

　　10. carry→carrying.

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