五、指代原則

Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滯). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
  Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations.

18. In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is       .

A) wrong            B) oversimplified             C) misleading           D) unclear

六、類比原則

In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn't any crime to worry about.

Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world's biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors.

19. By saying “... owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors" (Lines 3-4, Para. 2), the author means that _____.

A) those happy times appear still to be with us

B) there simply wasn't any crime to worry about

C) many sites are not well-protected

D) hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in

Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce.

20. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that_____.

A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations

D) they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage

And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.

21.The author ends the passage with the implication that ______.

A)compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heights

B)people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation system

C)the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation system

D)money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economy

This nonverbal ‘spatial ’ thinking can be as creative as painting and writing. Robert once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers（杠桿）, screws（螺絲）, wedges（鍥）, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

22. A technologist can be compared to an artist because       . (明喻)

［A］ they are both winners of awards

［B］ they are both experts in spatial thinking

［C］ they both abandon verbal description

［D］ they both use various instruments

七、例證原則

其標(biāo)志詞為：case, example, illustrate/illustration, demonstrate/demonstration, exemplify.

“ I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “ But, ” he cautions, “ some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”

23. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to _______ .

  [A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade.

  [B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright.

  [C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years.

  [D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered.

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient---too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

24. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ______ .

  [A] medical resources are often wasted

  [B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.

  [C] some treatments are too aggressive.

 [D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable.