九、倒裝(Inversion)

　　倒裝是語(yǔ)言中的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)手段，通常將正常語(yǔ)序中較晚出現(xiàn)的成分移至句首。倒裝主要分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

　　全部倒裝

　　全部倒裝又稱主謂倒裝，把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前。這類倒裝主要出現(xiàn)在如下句型中：

　　1. 句首為there, here, now, then, thus, out, in, up, away等副詞，且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)。例如：

　　Here comes the bus.

　　Away went the car.

　　There, in the distance, stands a big tree.

　　First came the president and then his wife.

　　Equally inexplicable(難以理解的)was his behavior towards his son.

　　需要注意，上述句型中，如果主語(yǔ)為代詞，主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞部分不倒裝。如：

　　Away they went.

　　There he comes.

　　2. 句首為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)

　　這樣的介詞短語(yǔ)有：through …, before …, after …, in front of …, at the top of …, by …等。例如：

　　By his side sat a dog.

　　Below the mountain ran a little stream.

　　部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝常出現(xiàn)在以下幾種情況中：

　　1. 句首為否定副詞或帶有否定意義的詞組時(shí)

　　常見(jiàn)詞(組)有：never, nowhere, no sooner (…than), not until, infrequently, little, rarely, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, not only, in no way, by no means, in / under no circumstances等。

　　Neither do we know how the universe bgan, or how it will end … if, indeed, it ends at all.

　　Never will anybody move without a force strong enough to covercome the resistance.

　　Never has my brother been abroad before.

　　Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.

　　No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.

　　2. only置于句首，修飾狀語(yǔ)(從句)時(shí)

　　Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

　　Only as the air bubbles out(排出)does the water fill the container.

　　3. 句首為表示方式及頻度的副詞時(shí)

　　Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.

　　Well do I remember the day when it happened.

　　Often had I intended to speak of it.

　　4. 在以so (…that) 開(kāi)頭的句子中

　　So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recover.

　　So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given more pay.

　　5. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.

　　Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.

　　6. 在省略了if的虛擬條件句中

　　Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.

　　Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have been sunk.

　　Should the weather be wet, the meeting would not be held.

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